For the first millennium, the Churches of East and West shared the same faith, the same seven Ecumenical Councils and the same Eucharist. Within this communion, the bishop of Rome held the first place, a real primacy of honor and service with defined prerogatives, such as hearing appeals, but not a universal jurisdiction over the other Churches.<\/p>\n
Two questions led to the schism, conventionally dated to 1054. The first was the growing claim of the Roman see to a universal supremacy of jurisdiction, later defined at the First Vatican Council (1870) together with papal infallibility. The second was the unilateral addition of the word filioque<\/em> (“and the Son”) to the Creed of Nicaea and Constantinople, so that the Holy Spirit is said to proceed “from the Father and the Son.” The Orthodox Church holds to the Creed as the Ecumenical Councils wrote it, and to the words of Christ: the Spirit “proceeds from the Father” (Joh 15:26). Attempts at reunion at Lyons (1274) and Ferrara\u2013Florence (1438\u20131439) failed.<\/p>\n Other differences developed over the centuries, in teaching (such as purgatory and the immaculate conception) and in practice (such as the use of unleavened bread and the giving of Communion to infants). For the Orthodox Church, the first place in the communion has since passed to Constantinople, whose patriarch presides in honor but, unlike the pope, has no authority over the internal life of the other Churches.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" The two Churches shared one faith and communion for a thousand years. They separated chiefly over the authority of the bishop of Rome and the addition of the filioque to the Creed, and later Roman doctrines widened the divide.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","audience":[],"liturgical_season":[],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-1395","question","type-question","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/orthodox.faith\/sr-latn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/question\/1395","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/orthodox.faith\/sr-latn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/question"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/orthodox.faith\/sr-latn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/question"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/orthodox.faith\/sr-latn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/question\/1395\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1403,"href":"https:\/\/orthodox.faith\/sr-latn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/question\/1395\/revisions\/1403"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/orthodox.faith\/sr-latn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1395"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/orthodox.faith\/sr-latn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=1395"},{"taxonomy":"liturgical_season","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/orthodox.faith\/sr-latn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/liturgical_season?post=1395"},{"taxonomy":"topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/orthodox.faith\/sr-latn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic?post=1395"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}