What does Holy Scripture prescribe as our duty toward authorities generally?

“Give therefore to everyone as you owe: taxes to whom taxes are due; revenues to whom revenues are due; respect to whom respect is due; honor to whom honor is due” (Rom 13:7).

The Apostle’s word is deliberately chosen: render, as of a debt owed, not a gift bestowed at our pleasure; for lawful authority serves an office instituted by God for our good, “God’s servant for your good… an avenger who carries out God’s wrath on the wrongdoer” (Rom 13:4; see Q583), and what we pay to it we pay in conscience toward the Order-giver, not merely in fear of the officer (Rom 13:5; see Q561). The dues are of two kinds, of the purse and of the heart. Of the purse: taxes and revenues honestly and fully paid, the Lord himself, who as the Son was free, paid the temple tax rather than give offense, working a miracle to do so (Mat 17:24–27), and settled the question for all time before his enemies: “Give therefore to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s, and to God the things that are God’s” (Mat 22:21; see Q561), so that the Christian who evades just taxes robs not Caesar only but disobeys Christ. Of the heart: respect and honor sincerely given to the office, whatever the officeholder’s person, for St Peter wrote “honor the emperor” under Nero (1Pe 2:17; see Q514, Q561), and St Paul, on trial before a corrupt court, retracted a hasty word against the high priest with the Scripture: “you shall not speak evil of a ruler of your people” (Act 23:5; Exo 22:28), a rule that binds the tongue in an age much given to the reviling of rulers (cf. Jud 8–9; 2Pe 2:10). To these Scripture adds two further dues. Prayer: “first of all, petitions, prayers, intercessions and thanksgivings be made for all: for kings and all in high places, so that we may lead a quiet and peaceful life in all godliness and piety. Indeed, this is good and acceptable in the sight of God our Savior” (1Ti 2:1–2; see Q266, Q376), and the Church has obeyed from the beginning, interceding at every Liturgy for the civil authorities and armed forces, even, in the ages of persecution, for the very emperors who condemned her. Obedience in all lawful things, joined to good citizenship: “Remind the people to be submissive to rulers and authorities, to be obedient and ready for every good work” (Tit 3:1; see Q539); “Therefore, for the Lord’s sake, submit yourselves to every human institution” (1Pe 2:13; see Q520), the Christian being, as the ancient Epistle to Diognetus describes, the best of citizens, who “obeys the established laws, and surpasses the laws in his own life” (Diognetus 5). All these dues, however, are rendered within the first and greatest due: “fear God” stands before “honor the emperor” (1Pe 2:17; see Q514, Q561), and to God alone belong the worship, the conscience, and the ‘obedience-without-limit’ that no earthly authority may claim (Act 5:29; see Q506, Q562). Thus, the Christian renders to every authority exactly what is due, no less, out of reverence for God’s order; and no more, out of reverence for God.